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stationary set : ウィキペディア英語版
stationary set
In mathematical set theory and model theory, a stationary set is one that is not too small in the sense that it intersects all club sets, and is analogous to a set of non-zero measure in set theory. There are at least three closely related notions of stationary set, depending on whether one is looking at subsets of an ordinal, or subsets of something of given cardinality, or a powerset.
==Classical notion==
If \kappa \, is a cardinal of uncountable cofinality, S \subseteq \kappa \,, and S \, intersects every club set in \kappa \,, then S \, is called a stationary set.〔Jech (2003) p.91〕 If a set is not stationary, then it is called a thin set. This notion should not be confused with the notion of a thin set in number theory.
If S \, is a stationary set and C \, is a club set, then their intersection S \cap C \, is also stationary. This is because if D \, is any club set, then C \cap D \, is a club set, thus (S \cap C) \cap D = S \cap (C \cap D) \, is non empty. Therefore, (S \cap C) \, must be stationary.
''See also'': Fodor's lemma
The restriction to uncountable cofinality is in order to avoid trivialities: Suppose \kappa has countable cofinality. Then S\subset\kappa is stationary in \kappa if and only if \kappa\setminus S is bounded in \kappa. In particular, if the cofinality of \kappa is \omega=\aleph_0, then any two stationary subsets of \kappa have stationary intersection.
This is no longer the case if the cofinality of \kappa is uncountable. In fact, suppose \kappa is regular and S\subset\kappa is stationary. Then S can be partitioned into \kappa many disjoint stationary sets. This result is due to Solovay. If \kappa is a successor cardinal, this result is due to Ulam and is easily shown by means of what is called an Ulam matrix.
H. Friedman has shown that for every countable successor ordinal \beta, every stationary subset of \omega_1 contains a closed subset of order type \beta (Friedman).

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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